In 1920, President Scholars Jerusalem Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (1897-1974) became the leader of the Arab Palestinian movement and played an important role in the early movements against the Balfour Declaration and the massive Jewish immigration to Palestine.
However, the first major violence in the Palestine Mandate occurs in 1 to 7 May 1921 known as Jaffa riots. Originally riot was between two groups of Jews were then widened to involve the Arab population.
The riot began when the Communist Party on May 1, 1921 Jews invited Arabs and Jews to overthrow British rule in Palestine and establish a Palestinian state that is affiliated with the Soviet Union.
The party expressed this intention in a parade from the town of Jaffa to Tel Aviv during the celebration of Labor Day or May Day. This parade across a village called Manshiyya a mix of Arabs and Jews inhabited.
Apparently there is another May Day parade that carried the competitors from Tel Aviv, Ahdut HaAvoda. This group held a parade without informing the police. When the two groups meet, clash inevitable.
The police tried to separate about 50 of the protesters communists. While Christian and Muslim Arabs to intervene to help the police fight the Jews. This incident quickly spread to the southern part of the city.
Arabs in Jaffa thought occurred beating his brothers, carrying a variety of weapons to attack Jewish settlements. Further rioting continued for several days in some cities, such as Rehovot, Kfar Sava, Petah Tikva and Hadera.
The riots ended on May 7, 1921 and resulted in 47 Jews and 48 Arabs were killed. In addition, 146 Jews and 73 Arabs wounded. Thousands of Jewish residents of Jaffa finally left the city and sought refuge in Tel Aviv which at that time still dominated by tents and temporary houses on the waterfront.
One result of this is the formation of Jaffa riots Haganah-the Jewish paramilitary forces. Haganah is the forerunner of the Israeli army later.
Palestinian Riots 1929
The incident occurred in late August 1929, as a result of the seizure of the Western Wall of Jerusalem between the Arabs and the Jews that escalated into violence.
In the riots that occurred in the 23 to 29 August 1929, a total of 133 Jews and 110 Arabs were killed and more than 600 people from both sides injured. After the riots, Palestine Mandate government provocateurs filed suspects to justice.
From the results of the trial, 26 Arabs and two Jews convicted of killing and sentenced to death. Penalties are also imposed fines collectively to Arabs in Hebron, Safed, and a number of villages. Fines are collected and then given to the victims of the riots.
Riots are then investigated an investigative commission formed the British Government. As a result, the investigation commission recommends that the UK Government to review the immigration policy and the sale of land to Jews.
After the 1929 riots, the political situation in the Mandate of Palestine, though not as cool, but relatively restrained. Pecahlah Arab Revolt (1936-1939) aimed at Palestinians oppose British rule and prevent the return of massive Jewish immigration.
Revolution itself ended in failure and casualties. As a result of the revolution three years, 300 Jews, 5,000 Arabs and 262 British policemen were killed. In addition, more than 15,000 people injured. Although unsuccessful, this revolution is a significant impact for Jews, Arabs, and British rulers.
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